Asignación eficiente de unidades de generación en regiones múltiples aplicando optimización multiobjetivo
Palabras clave:
Despacho económico, fuentes de energía renovables, GEI, generación de energía, interconexión de redes eléctricas, optimización multiobjetivoResumen
El proceso de planificación económica para la generación de energía eléctrica, que se conoce como despacho económico, ha sido objeto de estudio y gestión a lo largo de la historia mediante diversas metodologías fundamentadas en modelos matemáticos, con el fin de reducir al mínimo los costos operativos totales del sistema energético, y garantizar que se satisfaga el consumo de la demanda de energía. Al presente, los sistemas de potencia han evolucionado para integrar una variedad de generadores tanto provenientes de fuentes de energía convencionales, como renovables, lo que no solo permite una generación de energía más efectiva, desempeña además un papel crucial en la reducción de emisiones contaminantes, que actualmente es un enfoque mundial. En este contexto este artículo presenta un modelo multiobjetivo de optimización para el problema de despacho, aplicable al abastecimiento de la demanda en diversas zonas y con la capacidad de integrar dos funciones objetivo siendo los costos y emisiones. La optimización resultante logra una reducción significativa del 27% en las emisiones de CO2, lo que equivale a una disminución de 93.06 toneladas de CO2 y un ahorro anual en los costos operativos de aproximadamente de 308 millones de dólares. El modelo sugerido, estructurado como un problema de programación no lineal, ha sido abordado mediante el uso de un de software de alto nivel para el modelado matemático denominado GAMS, garantizando el cumplimiento de las restricciones técnicas y la optimización de las dos funciones objetivo establecidas.
Palabras clave: Despacho económico, fuentes de energía renovables, GEI, generación de energía, interconexión de redes eléctricas, optimización multiobjetivo.
Abstract
The economic planning process for the generation of electric power, known as economic dispatch, has been studied and managed throughout history using various methodologies based on mathematical models, in order to minimize the total operating costs of the energy system and ensure that the consumption of energy demand is met. At present, power systems have evolved to integrate a variety of generators from both conventional and renewable energy sources, which not only allows for more effective energy generation, but also plays a crucial role in reducing polluting emissions, which is currently a global focus. In this context, this article presents a multi-objective optimization model for the dispatch problem, applicable to supplying demand in various areas and with the ability to integrate two objective functions, namely costs and emissions. The resulting optimization achieves a significant reduction of 27% in CO2 emissions, which is equivalent to a decrease of 93.06 tons of CO2 and an annual saving in operating costs of approximately 308 million dollars. The suggested model, structured as a non-linear programming problem, has been addressed by using a high-level software for mathematical modeling called GAMS, ensuring compliance with the technical restrictions and the optimization of the two established objective functions..
Keywords: Economic dispatch, renewable energy sources, GHG, power generation, power grid interconnection, multi-objective optimization.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 15 de julio de 2024.
Fecha de aceptación: 05 de septiembre de 2024.
Fecha de publicación: 07 de octubre de 2024.
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